Method for producing pulverulent solids from alkali salts of silanols

ABSTRACT

Pulverulent alkali metal alkyl siliconates having lesser hydroscopicity and improved hydrophobicity in construction materials are produced by spray drying an aqueous solution of an alkali metal alkylsiliconate having a defined range of alkali metal content, a low alcohol content, and a low chlorine content.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the U.S. National Phase of PCT Appln. No.PCT/EP2016/053603 filed Feb. 19, 2016, which claims priority to GermanApplication No. 10 2015 204 263.4 filed Mar. 10, 2015, the disclosuresof which are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a process for producing pulverulent solidscomprising alkali metal organosiliconates for hydrophobicizing buildingmaterials.

2. Description of the Related Art

The alkali metal organosiliconates are also referred to as alkali metalsalts of organosilicic acids. Alkali metal organosiliconates such aspotassium, methyl siliconate have been used for decades forhydrophobization, in particular for mineral building materials. Owing totheir good solubility in water, they can be applied as an aqueoussolution to solids where, after evaporation of the water, they formfirmly adhering, lastingly water-repellent surfaces as a result ofpH-changing effects, e.g. reaction with carbon dioxide, Since theycontain virtually no hydrolytically eliminatable organic radicals,curing advantageously occurs without liberation of undesirable volatile,organic by-products.

The preparation of alkali metal organosiliconates, in particularpotassium and sodium methyl siliconates, has been described many times.In most cases, the focus is on the preparation of ready-to-use andstorage-stable, aqueous solutions.

In U.S. Pat. No. 2,803,561, alkyltrichiorosilane is hydrolyzed to thecorresponding alkylsilicic acid and the latter is subsequently reactedwith alkali metal hydroxide; to give an aqueous solution of alkali metalsilioonate, which is stabilized by addition of alcohol or ketone.

The complicated isolation and purification of the solid can becircumvented in the continuous process described in DS 4336600 startingout from, organotrichlorosilanes via an intermediateorganotrialkoxysilane which is finally reacted with alkali metalhydroxide. An advantage is that the hydrogen chloride and alcoholby-products which are formed are recovered and the siliconate solutionformed is virtually free of chlorine.

Ready-to-use building material mixtures such as cement or gypsumplasters and renders, and knifing fillers or tile adhesives, aredelivered to building sites mainly as powder in bags or silos and mixedwith the make-up water on-site. This requires a solid hydrophobicizingagent which can be added to the ready-to-use dry mixture and onlydisplays its hydrophobizing action in a short time after addition ofwater during application on site, e.g. on the building site. This isreferred to as “dry mix” use. Organosiliconates in solid form have beenfound to be very efficient hydrophobizing additives for this purpose.Nevertheless, only few industrially practicable processes for producingthese have hitherto been published.

WO 2013/174689 describes the preparation of solid alkali metalorganosiiiconates from their aqueous solutions by means of an inertliquid (azeotropic entrainer). A disadvantage is the large amount offlammable auxiliary which is covaporized and circulated, which is verytroublesome in terms of plant construction and safety, and also resultsin emissions. In addition, this liquid has to be removed again in atime- and energy-consuming manner in order to isolate the solid.

In the patent literature, direct drying processes for aqueous and/oralcoholic solutions are described in processes which are either based ona complicated crystallization (U.S. 2,438,055) or an input of heat witha short residence time (DE 1176137: 350-400° C., 2-3 minutes) (U.S. Pat.No. 2,567,110: 170° C. “to constant weight”). Disadvantages of theseprocesses are the complicated industrial implementation and the risk ofthermal decomposition with a very high energy potential. In WO2013/041385, this problem can be overcome by means of a two-stageprocess for the direct drying of aqueous/alcoholic siliconate solutions,but viscous intermediate states which place great engineering demands onthe dryer are passed through during the drying process. Drying in apowder bed composed of previously dried siliconate has also beendescribed (WO 2013/075969), but this is likewise technically demandingand time-consuming and runs counter to the limited thermal stability ofthe alkali metal siliconates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a process for producing pulverulent solids (S)comprising alkali metal organosiliconates, wherein water is removedfrom, aqueous solutions of alkali metal organosiliconates having a molarratio of alkali metal to silicon of from 0.1 to 3, a content of alcoholof less than 0.1% by weight and a content of halide anions of not morethan 1% by weight, by spray drying.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As a result of the removal of water from the aqueous solutions, thesolid alkali metal organosiliconates are obtained directly as veryfree-flowing powders (S). It was surprising that, despite the viscousintermediate states described in the prior art during drying ofsiliconate solutions, spray drying led to the objective. It was alsofound that the solid alkali metal siliconates which have been driedaccording to the invention display a significantly less pronouncedhygroscopic behavior compared to the alkali metal siliconate powdersproduced according to the prior art, which can easily be determined viathe percentage increase in weight during storage under definedconditions (humidity, temperature).

Simple and complete recycling of the dissociation product formed in thepreparation of the alkali metal organosiliconates in the hydrolysisstep, preferably alcohol or hydrogen halide, is possible in the process.As indicated in, for example, WO 12022544, long drying times at hightemperatures should be avoided because of the thermal instability of theaqueous siliconate solutions. Owing to the very short thermal stressing,the gentle spray drying process is particularly well-suited for thispurpose.

The molar ratio of alkali metal to silicon in the aqueous solutions ofthe alkali metal organosiliconates is preferably at least 0.3, inparticular at least 0.5, and not more than 2, in particular not morethan 1.2. The content of alcohols in the aqueous solutions of the alkalimetal organosiliconates is preferably less than 0.05% by weight, morepreferably less than 0.02% by weight, and in particular less than 0.01%by weight. The content of halide anions in the aqueous solutions of thealkali metal organosiliconates is preferably not more than 0.3% byweight, more preferably not more than 0.1% by weight, and in particularnot more than 0.01% by weight.

The aqueous solutions of the alkali metal organosiliconates are in manycases commercially available and can, for example, be prepared by meansof known methods by reaction of one or more organosilanes of the generalformula 1

(R¹)_(a)Si(Y)_(b)(—Si(R²)_(3−c)(Y)_(c))_(d)   (1)

or hydrolysis/condensation products thereof, or by reaction of theorganosilanes of the general formula 1 together withhydrolysis/condensation products thereof,with water and a basic alkali metal salt and removal of the dissociationproducts HY liberated,where

-   -   R^(1,) R² are each a monovalent Si—C-bonded hydrocarbon radical        which has from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or        substituted by halogen atoms, amino groups, thiol groups, silyl        groups substituted by C₁₋₆-alkyl or C₁₋₆-alkoxy groups, in which        one or more, nonadjacent —CH₃— units can be replaced by —O—, —S—        or —NR³- groups and in which one or more, nonadjacent ═CH— units        can be replaced by —N═ groups,    -   Y is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br or OR⁴    -   R⁴ is a methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or 2-propyl group,    -   a is 1, 2 or 3 and    -   b, c, d are each 0, 1, 2 or 3,    -   with the proviso that b+c≧1 and a+b+d=4,        where the amount of basic alkali metal salt is such that there        is at least 0.1 mol, more preferably at least 0.3 mol, and in        particular at least 0.5 mol, and not more than 3 mol, more        preferably not more than 2 mol, and in particular not more than        1.2 mol, of alkali metal cations per 1 mol of silicon.

It is also possible to use mixtures of these organosilanes of thegeneral formula 1 or mixed oligomers of compounds of the general formula1, or mixtures of these mixed oligomeric siloxanes with monomelicorganosilanes of the general formula 1. Any silanol groups formed byhydrolysis which may be present in the compounds of the general formula1 or oligomers thereof do not interfere.

R¹, R² can be linear, branched, cyclic, aromatic, saturated orunsaturated. Examples of amino groups in R¹, R² are —NR⁵R⁶ radicals,where R⁵ and R⁶ are each hydrogen, a C₁-C₈-alkyl radical, cycloalkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl which may be substituted by —OR⁷, where R⁷can be C₁-C₈-alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl. If R⁵, R⁶ are alkylradicals, nonadjacent CH₂— units therein can be replaced by —C—, —S— or—NR³- groups. R⁵ and R⁶ can also represent a ring. R⁵ is preferablyhydrogen or an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

R¹, R² in the general formula 1 are each preferably a monovalenthydrocarbon radical which has from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and may beunsubstituted or substituted by halogen atoms, amino, alkoxy or silylgroups. Particular preference is given to unsubstituted alkyl radicals,cycloalkyl radicals, alkylaryl radicals, arylalkyl radicals and phenylradicals. The hydrocarbon radicals R¹, R² preferably nave from 1 to 6carbon atoms; R¹, R² are preferably each an alkyl radical having from 1to 6 carbon atoms. Particular preference is given to the methyl, ethyl,propyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3-aminopropyl,3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyl, vinyl, n-hexyl and phenyl radicals, mostpreferably the methyl radical.

Further examples of radicals R¹, R² are:

n-propyl, 2-propyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl,2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl, 2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl,2-(dimethoxy-methylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(diethoxymethylsilyl)ethyl, n-butyl,2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl,cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl,n-undecyl, 10-undecenyl, n-dodecyl, isotridecyl, n-tetradecyl,n-hexadecyl, vinyl, allyl, benzyl, p-chlorophenyl, o-(phenyl)-phenyl,m-(phenyl)phenyl, p-(phenyl)phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl,2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, N-morpholinomethyl,N-pyrrolidinomethyl, 3-(N-cyclohexyl)-aminopropyl,1-N-imidazolidinopropyl radicals.

Further examples of R¹, R² are —(CH₂O)_(n)-R⁸, —(CH₂CH₂O)_(m)-R⁹ and—(CH₂CH₂NH)_(o)H, —(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)_(p)-R¹⁰ radicals, where n, m, o and pare from 1 to 10, in particular 1, 2, 3, and R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ have themeanings of R⁵, R⁶.

R³ is preferably hydrogen, a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which hasfrom 1 to 8 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by halogenatoms or NH₂ groups. Examples of R³ have been indicated above for R¹.

d is preferably 0. d is preferably 1, 2 or 3 in not more than 20 mol %,in particular not more than 5 mol %, of the compounds of the generalformula 1.

Examples of compounds of the general formula 1 in which a=1 are:

MeSi(OMe)₃, MeSi(OEt)₃, MeSi(OMe)₂(OEt), MeSi(OMe)(OEt)₂,MeSi(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₃, H₃C—CH₂—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, (H₃C)₂CH—Si(OMe)₃,CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, (H₃C)₂CHCH₂—Si(OMe)₃, tBu-Si(OMe)₃, PhSi(OMe)₃,PhSi(OEt)₃, F₃C—CH₂—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, H₂C═CH—Si(OMe)₃, H₂C═CH—Si(OEt)₃,H₂C═CH—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, Cl—CH₂CH₂Ch₂—Si(OMe)₃, n-Hex-Si(OMe)₃,cy-Hex-Si(OEt)₃, cy-Hex-CH₂—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, H₂C═CH—(CH₂)₉—Si(OMe)₃,CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₂CH₃)—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, hexadecyl-Si(OMe)₃,Cl—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, H₂N—(CH₂)₃—Si(OEt)₃, cyHex-NH—(CH₂)₃—Si(OMe)₃,H₂N—(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—Si(OMe)₃, O(CH₂CH₂)₂N—CH₂—Si(OEt)₃,PhNH—CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, hexadecyl—SiH₃, MeSi(OEt)₂H, PhSi(OEt)₂H,PhSi(OMe)₂H, MeSi(OEt)H₂, propyl-Si(OMe)₂H, MeSiH₃, MeSi(OEt)(OMe)H,(MeO)₃Si—CH₂CH₂—Si(OMe)₃, (EtO)₃Si—CH₂CH₂—Si(OEt)₃,Cl₃Si—CH₂CH₂—SiMeCl₂, Cl₃Si—CH₂CH₂—SiCl₃, Cl₃Si—(CH₂)₆—SiCl₃,(MeO)₃SiSi(OMe)₂Me, MeSi(OEt)₂Si(OEt)₃, MeSiCl₂SiCl₃, Cl₃SiSiCl₃,HSiCl₂SiCl₂H, HSiCl₂SiCl₃, MeSiCl₃, MeSiCl₂H, H₂C═CH—SiCl₃, PhSiCl₃,F₃C—CH₂—CH₂—SiCl₃, Cl—CH₂CH₂CH₂—SiCl₃, MeSi(OMe)Cl₂, MeSi(OEt)ClH,EtSiBr₃, MeSiF₃, Cl—CH₂—SiCl₃, Cl₂CH—SiCl₃, MeSiCl(OMe)₂, MeSiCl(OEt)₂,MeSi(OMe)Cl₂.

Preference is given to MeSi(OMe)₃, MeSi(OEt)₃, (H₃C)₂CHCH₂—Si(OMe)₃ andPhSi(OMe)₃, with methyltrimethoxysilane or its hydrolysis/condensationproduct being preferred.

Examples of compounds of the general formula 1 in which a=2 are:

Me₂Si(OMe)₂, Me₂Si(OEt)₂, Me₂Si(OCH)CH₃)₂)₂, MeSi(OMe)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃,Et₂Si(OMe)₂, Me₂Si(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂, MeSi(OMe)₂Et, (H₃C)₂CH—Si(OMe)₂Me,Ph-Si(OMe)₂Me, t-Bu-Si(OMe)₂Me, Ph₂Si(OMe)₂, PhMeSi(OEt)₂, MeEtSi(OMe)₂,Me₂Si(OMe)Cl, Me₂Si(OEt)Cl, F₃C—CH₂—CH₂—Si(OMe)₂Me, H₂C═CH—Si(OMe)₂Me,H₂C═CH—CH₂—Si(OMe)₂Me, Cl—CH₂CH₂CH₂—Si(OMe)₂Me, cy-Hex-Si(OMe)₂Me,n-Hex-Si(OMe)₂Me, cy-Hex-CH₂—CH₂—Si(OMe)₂Me, H₂C═CH—(CH₂)₉—Si(OMe)₂Me,Cl—CH₂—SiMe(OMe)₂, H₂N—(CH₂)₃—SiMe(OEt)₂, cyHex-NH—(CH₂)₃-SiMe(OMe)₂,H₂N—(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—SiMe(OMe)₂, O(CH₂CH₂)₂N—CH₂—SiMe(OMe)₂,PhNH—CH₂—SiMe(OMe)₂, (MeO)₂MeSi—CH₂CH₂—SiMe(OMe)₂,(EtO)₂MeSi—CH₂CH₂—SiMe(OEt)₂, (MeO)₂MeSiSi(OMe)₂Me,MeSi(OEt)₂SiMe(OEt)₂, Me₂Si(OMe)Si(OMe)₃, Me₂Si(OMe)Si(OMe)Me₂,Me₂Si(OMe)SiMe₃, Me₂Si(OMe)SiMe(OMe)₂.

Me₂SiCl₂, MeSiCl₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, Et₂SiCl₂, MeSiCl₂Et, (H₃C)₂CH—SiCl₂Me,Ph-SiCl₂Me, t-Bu-SiCl₂Me, Ph₂SiCl₂, PhMeSiCl₂, F₃C—CH₂—CH₂—SiCl₂Me,H₂C═CH—SiCl₂Me, H₂C═CH—CH₂—SiCl₂Me, Cl—CH₂CH₂CH₂—SiCl₂Me,cy-Hex-SiCl₂Me, cy-Hex-CH₂—CH₂—SiCl₂Me, H₂C═CH—(CH₂)₉—SiCl₂Me,Cl—CH₂—SiMeCl₂, Cl₂MeSi—CH₂CH₂—SiMeCl₂, Me₂SiClSiCl₃, Me₂SiClSiClMe₂,Me₂SiClSiMe₃, Me₂SiClSiMeCl₂. Preference is given to Me₂Si(OMe)₂,Me₂Si(OEt)₂, MeSi(OMe)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ and Ph-Si(OMe)₂Me, with Me₂Si(OMe)₂ andMeSi(OMe)₂CH₂CHCH₃ being particularly preferred.

Me is the methyl radical, Et is the ethyl radical, Ph is the phenylradical, t-Bu is the 2,2-dimethylpropyl radical, cy-Hex is thecyclohexyl radical, n-Hex is the n-hexyl radical, and hexadecyl is then-hexadecyl radical.

Preference is given to a=1 or 2.

In particular, at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and morepreferably at least 70%, and not more than 80%, preferably not more than90%, and more preferably not more than 100%, of all radicals R¹ in thecompounds of the general formula 1 or the hydrolysis/condensationproducts thereof are methyl radicals, ethyl radicals or propyl radicals.

Although there is chemically no upper limit to the amount of water, theproportion of water should be kept as low as possible for economicreasons, since excess water has to be removed again. For this reason, avery small amount of water which is just sufficient to allow verylargely complete hydrolysis and give clear to slightly turbid solutionsis chosen. The solids content of the alkali metal organosiliconatesolutions in a measurement using the solids content balance HR73 HalogenMoisture Analyzer from Mettler Toledo or a comparable measuringinstrument at 160° C. is preferably at least 20% by weight, morepreferably at least 40% by weight, preferably not more than 70% byweight and more preferably not more than 60% by weight.

In the case of alkoxysilanes or hydrolysis/condensation products thereofas starting materials, the alcohol liberated is distilled off to such anextent that a residual concentration in the aqueous alkali metalorganosiliconate solutions of less than 0.1% by weight, more preferablynot more than 0.02% by weight, and in particular not more than 0.01% byweight, of alcohol, in particular of the formula HOR⁴, results.

In the case of nalosilanes or mixed haloalkoxysilanes, in particular ofthe general formula 1 in which Y is F, Cl or Br, orhydrolysis/condensation products thereof as starting material, these arepreferably firstly reacted with water to form the organosilicic acid andalso hydrogen halide, possibly together with alcohol, in particular HY.Aqueous solutions of the alkali metal organosiliconates are preparedfrom this organosilicic acid using alkali metal hydroxide. In the firststep, the amount of water is chosen so that, and the organosilicic acidis optionally washed with water so that, a residual concentration ofhalide anions, in particular Y, in the aqueous alkali metalorganosiliconate solutions of not more than 0.3% by weight, morepreferably not more than 0.1% by weight, and in particular not more than0.01% by weight, results.

A direct reaction of nalosilanes of the general formula (1) having Y=Cl,F, Br or hydrolysis/condensation products thereof with a basic alkalimetal salt is likewise within the scope of the invention but notpreferred for economic reasons since the hydrogen halide formed consumesan equimolar amount of basic alkali metal salt, which additionally hasto be taken into account when determining the amount required for alkalimetal siliconate formation. Apart from this additional consumption ofbasic alkali metal salt, the economics are made poorer by two furthereffects: the proportion of alkali metal halide salt which has beenformed and cannot be separated off has no hydrophobicizing effect andthus reduces the efficiency of the alkali metal siliconate ashydrophobicizing agent, and the hydrogen halide, preferably HY, is notrecovered and is thus lost to the production process.

Owing to the almost complete recycling of the dissociation products, inparticular HCl and methanol, the continuous process described in DE4336600, in which an organoalkoxysilane, in particular of the generalformula 1 where Y=OR⁴, is reacted directly with aqueous alkali metalhydroxide with liberation of alcohol, in particular HOR⁴, to giveaqueous alkali metal organosiliconate solution, is particularly suitablefor the preparation of aqueous solutions of alkali metalorganosiliconates.

The basic alkali metal salts preferably have a pK_(b) of not more than12, more preferably not more than 10, and in particular not more than 5.As basic alkali metal salts, use is made of compounds which formsolvated hydroxide ions in water and contain alkali metal ions ascations. Preference is given to using alkali metal hydroxides such aslithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and cesiumhydroxide, more preferably sodium, hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, asalkali metal salts. Further examples of alkali metal salts are alkalimetal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate andalso alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as sodium hydrogencarbonate,alkali metal formates such as potassium formate, alkali metal silicates(water glass) such as sodium orthosilicate, disodium metasilicate,disodium disilicate, disodium trisilicate or potassium silicate.Furthermore, it is also possible to use alkali metals directly, alkalimetal oxides, alkali metal amides or alkali metal alkoxides, preferablythose which liberate the same alcohol as the compounds of the generalformula 1 which are used.

It is also possible to use mixtures of various salts, optionally ofdifferent alkali metals, for example mixtures of sodium hydroxide andpotassium hydroxide. Typical secondary constituents in industrial gradesof the basic salts (i.e. at purities in the range from 80 to 99% byweight), e.g. water or other salt components, e.g. proportions ofsodium, in potassium salts or carbonates in hydroxides, generally do notinterfere and can be tolerated. A further preferred variant, is the useof alkali metal organosiliconates, in particular aqueous oraqueous-alcoholic preparations of alkali metal organosiliconates,optionally in admixture with other alkali metal salts, preferably alkalimetal hydroxides. This may be advantageous when the siliconate or theaqueous or else aqueous-alcoholic siliconate preparation (solution,suspension, emulsion) is, for example, in any case produced in largequantities as a sales product, so that only a further reaction step isrequired in order to produce the powders (P).

For example, a compound of the general formula 1 can be reacted with anaqueous solution of a potassium methylsiliconate (e.g. WACKER SILRES® BS16). Preferred compounds of the general formula 1 which are reacted withcommercially available alkali metal methylsiliconates includeMe—Si(OMe)₃, Et-Si(OMe)₃, Ph-Si(OMe)₃, propyl-Si(OMe)₃, butyl-Si(OMe)₃,hexyl-Si(OMe)₃, octyl-Si(OMe)₃, vinyl-Si(OMe)₃ and their possibleconstitutional isomers or stereoisomers, where Me is the methyl radical,Et is the ethyl radical, Ph is the phenyl radical, propyl is a 1-propylor 2-propyl radical, butyl is an n-butyl radical or a branched butylradical, octyl is an n-octyl radical or a branched octyl radical or anoctyl radical having cyclic structures, hexyl is an n-hexyl radical or abranched hexyl radical or a hexyl radical having cyclic structures, eachof which are bound to si at any carbon atom, and vinyl is a vinylradical. This route is particularly advantageous when siliconate powdersare to be produced which contain not only methyl radicals but also otherradicals R¹ and R².

The removal of water from the aqueous alkali metal organosiliconatesolution, also referred to as drying, is preferably effected by dryingin a spray dryer. Drying is carried out in air or under inert gas (e.g.nitrogen, argon, helium, lean air containing a maximum of 2% of oxygen).Spray drying is preferably carried out at the pressure of thesurrounding atmosphere, but it can also be carried out under a pressurewhich has been reduced or increased compared to atmospheric pressure.The pressure is preferably at least 10 hPa, more preferably at least 100hPa, and not more than 2000 hPa, more preferably not more than 1200 hPaabsolute.

Spray drying can be carried out in any apparatuses which are suitablefor the spray drying of liquids, and are already widely known, forexample those having a two-fluid nozzle, a cemented carbide nozzle orhollow cone nozzle or a swirling atomizer nozzle or having a rotatingatomizer disk, in a heated dry gas stream. The entry temperature of thedry gas stream, where the spraying gas is preferably air, lean air ornitrogen, into the spray drying apparatus is preferably from 110° C. to350° C., more preferably at least 110° C. and not more than 250° C., andin particular at least 110° C. and not more than 180° C. The exittemperature of the gas stream formed during drying is preferably from 40to 120° C., in particular from 60 to 110° C. The spraying gas can, ifnecessary, in order to produce a lower residual moisture content, beheated to temperatures of up to 250° C., preferably in the range from 40to 200° C., and more preferably from 50 to 150° C. The spraying pressureis preferably at least 500 hPa, more preferably at least 800 hPa, andnot more than 500,000 hPa, in particular not more than 10,000 hPa. Thespeed of rotation of the atomizer disk is mainly in the range from 4000to 50,000 rpm, with the individual decomposition temperatures having tobe drawn upon for optimal setting of the spraying parameters. A greatadvantage of the spray drying process is that, owing to the small volumein the hot nozzle region, states which are critical to safety are not tobe expected, even in the temperature range of the thermal decomposition.Excessively high temperatures/residence times are reflected, owing toelimination of the radicals R¹, R², in a reduced hydrophobicizing actionof the dried alkali metal organosiliconate, which can be checked andcorrected simply by a person skilled in the art.

The spray drying is preferably implemented in a spray dryer. Spraydrying in this case can be carried out in such a way that particleformation occurs directly from the aqueous alkali metal organosiliconatesolution or by a fluidized bed of previously dried alkali metalorganosiliconate solution being placed in the spray dryer and the alkalimetal organosiliconate solution being sprayed onto this. In parallel tothe alkali metal organosiliconate solution, further liquids such assolvents, preferably water or alcohols or surfactants, can be fed intothe dryer, e.g. in order to alter the spraying pattern by means ofsurface effects.

Further constituents can be added to the aqueous solutions of alkalimetal organosiliconates before spray drying, e.g. in order to improvethe use properties of the solid (S). To improve and maintainfree-flowing behavior, flow aids and/or anticaking agents can be added.Constituents of the building material mixture to be produced using thesolid (S), for example gypsum plaster, cement, sand, glass or fillerssuch as chalks, silicates, clays, silicas, metal oxides, polymers (forexample PVA, PVC, PE, PP, polystyrene, PTFE, PVDF in powder form or aspellets) and also setting retarders or accelerators or else liquidpolymers such as mineral oils or silicone oils, can also be added at thebeginning, during or at the end of the production process.

Preference is given to adding not more 50, more preferably not more than10 parts by weight of further constituents per 100 parts by weight ofalkali metal organosiliconates.

The dried solid (S) is discharged via customary discharge devices suchas discontinuous locks, star feeders or cyclones into the attachedprocess apparatuses (for example mills, sifters, sieves) or storage ortransport containers (for example silos, containers, Big Bags, sacks,drums, hobbocks). These can be cooled or heated in order to bring thesolid (S) to the temperature which is desired in each case.

The solid (S) preferably has a solids content determined at 160° C. bymeans of the solids content balance HR⁷³ Halogen Moisture Analyzer fromMettier Toledo or a comparable measuring instrument of at least 96% byweight, more preferably at least 98% by weight, and in particular atleast 99% by weight. It contains not more than 2% by weight, preferablynot more than 0.5% by weight, and in particular not more than 0.1% byweight, of halide ions determinable by means of elemental analysis. Itpreferably has an alcohol content of not more than 0.2% by weight, morepreferably not more than 0.1% by weight, yet more preferably not morethan 0.05% by weight, still more preferably not more than 0.01% byweight and in particular not more than 0.005% by weight. The alcoholcontent encompasses both the chemically bound alcohol and adsorbedalcohol. It is preferably determined on a solution of the powder bymeans of NMR spectroscopy. The addition of base, preferably alkali metalhydroxide, can be useful here in order to ensure solubility. Asreference parameters, it is possible to employ the proportions by weightof all siloxy units(R¹)_(a)Si(O_(1/2))_(b)[(—Si(R₂)_(3−c)(O_(1/2))_(c)]_(d) derived fromthe formula 1, for example(R¹)_(a)Si(O_(1/2))_(b)[(—Si(R₂)_(3−c)(O_(1/2))_(c)]_(d) or(R¹)_(a)Si(O_(1/2))_(b), and the proportions by weight of the alkoxyunits R⁴O_(1/2) and the proportions by weight of the free alcohol P⁴OH.Determination of the alcohol content is preferably carried out on thebasis of the molar percentages of the specified fragments as can bedetermined from the ¹H—NMR Spectrum and the molar masses thereof, withthe masses/proportions by weight of the fragments R⁴O_(1/2) present andof the free alcohol R⁴OH being added up and the sum thereof beingreported as alcohol content.

The particle size distribution can be influenced within certain limitsby the spray drying parameters. In general, the solids (S) producedaccording to the invention display excellent powder flow.

The bulk density is preferably below 700 g/l, more preferably below 600g/l, and in particular below 500 g/l.

The invention also provides solids (S) which can be produced by theabove process, the building material mixtures provided therewith, whichinclude, for example, gypsum- or cement-based dry mortars, plasters andrenders, knifing fillers, fine knifing fillers, self-levellingcompositions, on-site concrete and spray concrete, and also componentsand moldings produced therefrom.

All above symbols in the above formulae have their meaningsindependently of one another. In all formulae, the silicon atom istetravalent.

Unless indicated otherwise in each case, all amounts and percentagesindicated in the following examples and comparative examples are byweight and all reactions are carried out at a pressure of 1000 hPa(abs.).

The solids content is in each case determined using the solids contentbalance HR73 Halogen Moisture Analyzer from Mettler Toledo at 160° C.The methoxy/methanol content was determined as described above by meansof ¹H—NMR spectroscopy.

Production Example 1 (According to the Invention): Drying of an AqueousSolution of Potassium Methylsiliconate (WACKER SILRES® BS16 WackerChemie AG) by Spray Drying

In a fluidized-bed spray dryer GPCG 3.1 from Glatt, a commerciallyavailable solution of potassium methylsiliconate (WACKER SILRES® BS 16)is sprayed from above at an inflow air temperature of 140-145° C. intothe spray chamber at a pressure of 2000 hPa by means of a straight 1.6ram two-fluid nozzle. The spraying air temperature is 100-105° C., andthe exhaust air temperature is 95-80° C. A white free-flowing powderhaving a solids content of 96.71% by weight and a bulk density of 480g/l is isolated. Owing to its maximum particle size of 200 μm, it issuitable without further milling or classification steps for use as adry mix hydrophobicizing additive. In addition, it displays surprisinglylow hygroscopic behavior so that it retains its excellent powder flowcapability even after a few hours in air. According to particle sizeanalysis (Sympatec Helos particle size analysis, dispersion pressure inthe dry disperser: 4 bar), 100% of all particles are smaller than 174μm, 99% of all particles are smaller than 130.70 μm, 90% of allparticles are smaller than 38.00 μm, 50% of all particles are smallerthan 9.04 μm and 10% of all particles are smaller than 1.78 μm. Themaximum of the distribution density is at 10 μm. 10.18% of all particlesare below 1.80 μm. Elemental analysis indicates a potassium content of30 g/100 g of powder and a silicon content of 21 g/100 g of powder,which suggests the following average formula for the potassiummethylsiliconate: H₃C—Si(OH)_(1.9744)(OK)_(1.0256).

Comparative Example 1 (Not According to the Invention): Drying of anAqueous Solution of Potassium Methylsiliconate (WACKER SILRES® BS 16Wacker Chemie AG) by Drying in a Powder Bed (as Described in WO2013/075969)

In a horizontal paddle dryer (stainless steel cylinder, length 2200 mm,diameter 380 mm, with wiper and transport elements arranged in a circleon the central rotor) heated by means of heat transfer oil, acommercially available solution of potassium methylsilieonate (WACKERSILRES® BS 16, Wacker Chemie AG) is metered continuously onto a powderbed of dried potassium methylsiliconate at a speed of rotation of 300min⁻¹, a wall temperature of 190° C. and 87 hPa. The volatileconstituents are conveyed via two domes to an essentially horizontalshell-and-tube heat exchanger operated using cooling-water and condensedout there. At the end of the paddle dryer, the dried powder isdischarged via a discontinuous solids lock. Speed of rotation andintroduction rate give an average residence time in the drying plant ofabout 6 minutes. A white free-flowing powder having a solids content of98.49% by weight and a bulk density of 870 g/l is isolated. Owing to thepresence of coarse particles having diameters of up to 1 mm, the powderhas to be milled for use as dry mix hydrophobicizing additive. Onlyafter milling and sifting are the particle sizes in the range conformingto the application. According to particle size analysis (Sympatec Belosparticle size analysis, dispersion pressure in the dry disperser: 4bar), 100% of all particles are smaller than 174 μm, 99% of allparticles are smaller than 137.51 μm, 90% of all particles are smallerthan 50.90 μm, 50% of all particles are smaller than 6.20 μm and 10% ofall particles are smaller than 1.07 μm. 22.86% of all particles arebelow 1.80 μm. It follows therefrom that, compared to production example1 according to the invention, a significantly higher proportion of finedust is formed in comparative example 1 (not according to the invention)as a result of the milling and sifting, and this represents a furtherdisadvantage; in terms of safety reasons in use. The maximum of thedistribution density is at 12 μm.

Use Examples 1 and 2: Hydrophobicization of a Commercial StructuralGypsum Plaster using the Potassium Methylsiliconate Powder fromProduction Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (Molar Ratio of AlkaliMetal to Silicon: 1.04)

In the case of use examples 1 and 2, table 1 shows that the potassiummethylsiliconate powder from production example 1 reduces the 2 h waterabsorption at an addition of 0.20% by weight to a significantly greaterextent than the potassium methylsiliconate powder from comparativeexample 1 (not according to the invention).

In the use examples, the commercial structural gypsum plaster was usedin powder form. 0.20% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate powderfrom production example 1 (according to the invention) and fromcomparative example 1 (not according to the invention) was in each caseadded in dry form to the dry mortar and the mixtures were effectivelymixed for 30 seconds in a planetary mixer as described in EN 196-1.

This dry mixture was subsequently added a little at a time whilestirring to the make-up water in accordance with the formulationindicated on the pack and stirred by means of the planetary mixer asdescribed in EN 196-1 to give a homogeneous slurry (according to thepack: 300 g of powder and 200 g of water). The slurry obtained wassubsequently poured into PVC rings (diameter: 80 mm, height 20 mm) andsetting of the gypsum plaster at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity over24 hours was awaited. After removal of the gypsum, test specimens fromthe rings, the test specimens were dried to constant weight at 40° C. ina convection drying oven. To determine the water absorption by a methodbased on DIN EN 520, the test specimens were, after determining the dryweight, stored underwater for 120 minutes, with the specimens being laidhorizontally on metal meshes and the height of water over the highestpoint of the test specimens being 5 mm. After 120 minutes, the testspecimens were taken from the water, allowed to drip on a spongesaturated with water and the percentage water absorption after 120minutes was calculated on a balance having a precision of 0.01 g fromthe wet weight and the dry weight according to the formula

Percentage water absorption={[mass(wet)−mass(dry)]/mass(dry)}−100%.

TABLE 1 Comparison of the properties of WACKER SILRES ® BS16 spray driedaccording to the invention and dried in a powder bed According to WO2013/075969 (not according to the invention: According to dried in apowder the invention bed) (spray dried) Particle size distribution, 1000μm 200 μm upper limit X100 Hygroscopic increase in 37.9% 32.3% weightafter 20 hours at 23° C./50 relative atmospheric humidity State ofmatter after Liquid Solid, 48 hours at 23° C./50% particulate, relativeatmospheric free-flowing humidity Powder spread 90 mm 101 mm (powderflow) *) Water absorption of 16.9% 1.59% gypsum plaster**) *) Diameterof the spread-out cone after lifting a cylinder which had an internaldiameter of 35 mm and a height of 51 mm and had been loosely filled withpowder up to the upper edge (not compacted) **)Addition of 0.20% byweight of powder to a commercial structural gypsum plaster; waterabsorption without hydrophobicizing additive: 37.4%

1.-7. (canceled)
 8. A process for producing a pulverulent solidcomprising one or more alkali metal organosiliconates, comprising: spraydrying an aqueous solution of one or more alkali metal organosiliconatesprepared by reacting one or more organosilanes of the formula 1(R¹)_(a)Si(Y)_(b)(—Si(R²)_(3−c)(Y)_(c))_(d)   (1) orhydrolysis/condensation products thereof, or by reaction oforganosilanes of the formula 1 and also hydrolysis/condensation productsthereof, with water and a basic alkali metal salt, and removingliberated dissociation products HY, where R^(1,) R² are each a methylradical, Y is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br or OR⁴ and R⁴ is a methyl, ethyl,1-propyl or 2-propyl group, a is 1, 2 or 3 and b, c, d are each 0, 1, 2or 3, with the proviso that b+c≧1 and a+b+d=4, where the amount of basicalkali metal salt is such that there is at least 0.1 mol and not morethan 3 mol of alkali metal cations per 1 mol of silicon, wherein thealkali metal organosiliconate(s) have a molar ratio of alkali metal tosilicon of from 0.1 to 3, a content of alcohol of less than 0.02% byweight, and a content of halide anions of not more than 1% by weight. 9.The process of claim 8, wherein the basic alkali metal salts areselected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkalimetal silicates, alkali metal organosiliconates and mixtures thereof.10. The process of claim 8, wherein water is removed in an amount so asto provide a solids content, determined at 160° C., of at least 96% byweight based on the total weight of the pulverulent solid.
 11. Theprocess of claim 8, wherein the alcohol content of the pulverulent solidis not more than 0.05% by weight based on the total weight of thepulverulent solid.
 12. A pulverulent solid prepared by the process ofclaim 8, having an alcohol content of not more than 0.01% by weight,based on the total weight of the pulverulent solid.
 13. A buildingmaterial mixture comprising at least one pulverulent solid of claim 12.14. A component or molding produced from a building material mixture ofclaim 13.